Doctoral Program (PhD/ScD)
The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Science, or Doctor of Philosophy. At MIT, these degrees differ in name only. The doctorate is awarded upon the completion of a program of advanced study, principally at the Institute, and the performance of significant original research, design or development.
Overview
The program of study comprised of the major, minor, and additional supporting subjects will typically consist of at least 144 graduate-level credit units (12 subjects). No credit will be awarded for subjects taken on a P/D/F basis. Credit for classes taken under the special grading policy announced for the Spring or Fall of 2020 will be awarded in accordance with Institute regulations. Up to a maximum of 12 units of subject 2.989 (Experiential Learning in Mechanical Engineering) may be counted towards the 144-unit credit requirement. Graduate-level subjects taken toward a Master’s degree may be used to satisfy the requirements of the doctorate. Graduate-level subjects taken at another graduate school may also be counted toward the MIT doctorate, if approved by both the Graduate Officer and the candidate’s thesis committee. The limit is 72 credit units for subjects taken outside MIT.
Funding
The Doctoral program (PhD/ScD) is expected to be fully-funded.
Requirements
Students must successfully fulfill the MechE Department’s writing ability requirement.
See the Doctoral Qualifying Exam page for complete details.
The major is a program of advanced study, typically consisting of 6 to 7 graduate subjects, which gives the candidate both depth and breadth in their research field, approved by the student’s thesis committee and the Graduate Officer. Examples of the major areas of some current students are: Biomedical Engineering, Computational Engineering, Design of Mechanical Products, Dynamical Systems, Interfacial Engineering, Materials, Nano- engineering, Ocean Acoustics, Renewable Energy & Water, and Robotics. The choice of area should be discussed with the Graduate Officer.
The set of major subjects should bring candidates to the state of the art in their chosen field, insofar as that is possible via coursework. Candidates must satisfy their Doctoral Committee and the Graduate Officer that their proposed program meets this intent. The major represents the principal component of the candidate’s coursework.
The minor is a program of advanced study that develops competence in an area different from the candidate’s principal field of interest. Three subjects (not less than 24 units) must be taken in a coherent field different from the major. These subjects may be taken inside or outside the Department.
If the minor is in an area of mechanical engineering or in mathematics, all three subjects must be at the graduate-level. In other fields, some undergraduate subject content may be acceptable, depending on the remoteness of the field from mechanical engineering and on the prerequisites required for graduate subjects.
Students who have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in a field distinctly different from mechanical engineering may receive complete or partial credit toward the minor. With this exception, all minor subjects must be taken while the student is registered in graduate school.
The minor program must be approved in advance by the student’s thesis committee and by the Graduate Officer, who places on file a record of the anticipated program as soon as it is formulated. Any subsequent modifications must have the Graduate Officer’s approval. A minimum grade point average of 3.5 must be attained for the subjects that comprise the minor.
The thesis is a major, original work that makes a significant contribution in its field. It is the principal component of the doctoral program, and the part that serves as the major indicator of a candidate’s abilities.
The thesis is supervised by a faculty advisor and monitored by a doctoral thesis committee, which must include at least three MIT faculty members (including their advisor), and at least two of the three MIT faculty members must be MechE faculty.1 The doctoral committee is usually chaired by the thesis advisor, unless the advisor is not a member of the MechE faculty, in which case a MechE faculty member must chair the committee. At least one of the committee members must be from outside the research group with which the candidate is associated. The candidate may also invite qualified people from outside the MIT faculty to serve as additional members of the committee.
Work already accomplished elsewhere, not under the supervision of a member of the MIT faculty, cannot be accepted in full or partial fulfillment of the thesis requirement.
1Senior or Principal Research Scientists and Engineers who hold an appointment in the Mechanical Engineering Department may supervise PhD students.
All incoming graduate students are encouraged to take the seminar subject 2.991 Introduction to Graduate Study in Mechanical Engineering that introduces students to various aspects of graduate student life in the MechE Department, MIT, and the Boston area. It meets for 1 hour each week during the Fall term. Students who do not have a confirmed research advisor by Registration Day, and students whose research advisors are based outside the MIT campus (e.g. a hospital or Draper Labs), are required to take this seminar class.
Rules and Procedures (post-qualifying exam)
A student is considered to be a (qualified) candidate in the doctoral program upon passing the qualifying examinations. The candidate is responsible for initiating the various parts of the program and for keeping his/her Online Doctoral Program Record (informally called the “online Grad Card”) up to date; this may be found on the MechE Department website by navigating to Online Grad Card from the bottom of any page of the MechE website. The doctoral program milestones are as follows:
Timeline: During 1st term after qualifying
The candidate selects a field of principal interest, finds a faculty member who is willing to act as thesis advisor, and defines, at least tentatively, an area of research for the thesis. If the advisor is not in the MechE Department, the student must also find a faculty member from within the Department who will act as doctoral committee chair.
Timeline: Within one year of qualifying
The candidate must meet with the Graduate Officer, in person, within one year of passing the qualifying examination. Topics to be discussed will include the tentative choice of thesis committee members along with the programs of study for the major and minor.
Timeline: Within one year of qualifying
As soon as possible after meeting with the Graduate Officer, and under no circumstances later than the end of the first year after passing the qualifying examinations, the student must form the thesis committee, having obtained prior approval of the membership from the thesis advisor and the Graduate Officer. The names of the committee members should be entered on the online Grad Card. If a doctoral thesis committee has not been formed by the end of the first full year after passing the qualifying examination, a grade of U (Unsatisfactory) will be awarded for subject 2.THG at the end of the first semester in which it becomes overdue (and all subsequent semesters for which it is overdue).
The committee is formed according to the Doctoral Thesis requirement. In recruiting the most appropriate members for the thesis committee, it is often helpful (but not required) for the candidate to have a written document (a rough “pre-proposal”) describing preliminary ideas for the thesis research. The doctoral committee, together with the thesis advisor, will be the student’s primary source of advice and guidance. They will monitor and guide the research and act as mentors in the selection of the major, minor, and additional subjects as the student’s education evolves. Given that external circumstances (such as source of funding and expectations therefrom) may change, the thesis committee membership may be changed if necessary.
Timeline: within one year of qualifying
At the same time as forming the Thesis Committee, and under no circumstances later than the end of the first year after passing the qualifying examinations, the student must have a doctoral thesis proposal in place. If a doctoral thesis proposal has not been submitted to the Graduate Office by the end of the first full year after passing the qualifying examination, a grade of U (Unsatisfactory) will be awarded for subject 2.THG at the end of the first semester in which it becomes overdue (and all subsequent semesters for which it is overdue).
This is a proposal, not a summary of the doctoral thesis. It represents a plan for work, rather than a binding contract; the actual work will be guided and reviewed by the thesis supervisor and the thesis committee, and may evolve in unexpected directions. The purpose of the proposal is to let the faculty know what the candidate intends to do, and how s/he intends to go about it. This requires the students to think critically about their work in consultation with their advisor, helping them define the project and identify possible pitfalls and problems. It also serves to cultivate the ability to identify research problem(s) in the context of prior knowledge and art, design research in an appropriate context, and to express it clearly and comprehensively in a written document. The proposal should provide sufficient literature citations to indicate awareness of the broad field and previous work, and enough detail to show how the work is expected to advance the state-of-the-art. It is typically limited to six pages of text and figures (not including the cover page).
The one-page cover should (only) include: tentative title of the thesis, student’s name, brief abstract, keywords, and a list of the committee members indicating the Chair and/or Advisor, their official titles, departmental affiliations and email addresses.
The candidate must provide the Graduate Office an electronic copy of the complete thesis proposal, and a separate electronic copy of the cover page only. Once these have been submitted, it should be so recorded on the online Grad Card.
The Graduate Office will distribute copies of the cover page with the abstract to all MechE faculty. The full thesis proposal will be made available to any MechE Department faculty member who requests it. Feedback from the faculty should be welcomed and taken constructively.
Timeline: Within three regular semesters of qualifying
As soon as possible after forming the thesis committee — and under no circumstances later than the end of the three regular semesters after passing the qualifying examinations — the student must have in place a proposed program of study for the major and minor.
The candidate must get approval of their major and minor list of subjects from the doctoral committee at its first meeting. It must also be submitted for review and approval to the Graduate Officer. The programs of study for the major and minor should be entered on the online Grad Card. Subjects may be added to, or taken out of, these programs with the approval of the thesis committee and Graduate Officer.
Timeline: Once each regular semester (fall and spring)
The candidate shall arrange regular meetings with the doctoral committee and obtain the committee’s comments on his/her work. It is recommended that the thesis committee meet at least once each regular semester (fall and spring); the Department requires that the committee meet at least once each year. The chair of the committee should make a notation of each meeting on the online Grad Card together with a brief summary of the student’s progress. A student whose progress is unsatisfactory may be required by the Department, upon a suitable recommendation (typically a U-grade for thesis research) from the student’s Thesis Advisor/Thesis Committee, and/or MechE Graduate Officer, to withdraw from the doctoral program.
When the thesis is completed, upon recommendation of the doctoral committee, it shall be presented orally in an open meeting of MIT faculty, staff, and students. After the presentation, the thesis is either accepted or rejected by the thesis committee and any other departmental faculty members present. The faculty signatures and result should be entered on the online Grad Card.
The thesis presentation is to be scheduled by the doctoral candidate. The student is responsible for obtaining a time and place for the presentation, and for arranging through the Graduate Office to send an announcement of the presentation to the departmental faculty. The thesis defense must be scheduled and announced at least two weeks in advance. One copy of the thesis must be delivered to the Graduate Office, and one copy should be delivered to each member of the doctoral committee at least two weeks prior to the presentation. The copy in the Graduate Office will be available for the faculty at large.
A student whose thesis defense is scheduled during the summer must provide the Graduate Office with a list of at least 6 MIT faculty members (including Principal/Senior Research Scientists/Engineers) who have expressed the intent of being present at the defense. The 6 faculty members may include the MIT members of the student’s thesis committee all of whom are expected to be present.
The thesis must be defended, and the candidate must submit final, archival copies of the thesis to the Graduate Office, by an end-of-term due date established by MIT. If this deadline is not met, the thesis cannot be accepted in the current term.
Interdisciplinary Programs
Graduate students registered in the Department of Mechanical Engineering may elect to participate in several interdisciplinary doctoral programs of study including those listed below. Students must fulfill all of the MechE Department requirements as described above, and in addition satisfy the specific requirements of the particular interdisciplinary program. The interdisciplinary programs currently available include the following:
The Computational Science and Engineering doctoral program allows students who work on computational thesis research to graduate with a doctoral degree in “Mechanical Engineering and Computation” (instead of the traditional “Mechanical Engineering” thesis field designation). Computational thesis research includes the development of new computational methods and/or the innovative application of computational techniques to important problems in engineering and science. This program is administered jointly by the MechE Department and the Center for Computational Science and Engineering. The degree track requires the completion of a Major field of study consisting of at least 5 graduate-level subjects in computational science and engineering; additional requirements, as well as more information can be found here.
The Interdisciplinary PhD in Statistics (IDPS) enables qualifying students to graduate with a doctoral degree in “Mechanical Engineering and Statistics”. This program is administered jointly by the MechE Department and the MIT Institute for Data, Systems and Society (IDSS). Enrolled students must complete coursework that satisfies the requirements of the MechE doctoral program as well as the IDPS requirements as outlined here. They also need to produce a thesis that involves Statistics in a substantial manner. The student’s doctoral thesis committee, including the approval process for the thesis proposal, must include at least one faculty member from the Statistics and Data Science Center. For more information, please contact Professor Sapsis.
The Joint Program with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) is intended for students whose primary career objective is oceanography or oceanographic engineering. Students divide their academic and research efforts between the campuses of MIT and WHOI and receive a degree in Oceanographic Engineering. The program is described in detail here.
The Program in Polymers and Soft Matter (PPSM) is an interdisciplinary program that offers Ph.D. students from five different departments, including Mechanical Engineering, a core curriculum in the science and engineering of polymers and other soft matter systems. Faculty members affiliated with PPSM cover a wide range of research topics, including additive manufacturing, biomedical devices, computational modeling, and advanced synthesis. PPSM has its own set of qualifying exams and a doctoral candidacy process that takes the place of MechE’s qualifying exams. Every semester, PPSM offers a seminar series featuring leading polymer science researchers from around the world, with participation expected from all PPSM students.
PPSM requires its students to complete a major program consisting of at least 4 core classes in polymer science and engineering, as well as 2 additional polymer-related elective courses that must be approved by the program head. PPSM students with MechE as their home department must also complete a minor in Mechanical Engineering, consisting of at least 3 MechE classes from at least two of the seven MechE Thrust Areas, with a grade of B or higher. Students enrolled in PPSM are expected to follow the same requirements and timelines as those in the MechE doctoral program, including taking a total of at least 144 graduate-level, letter-graded credit units. Graduate units from the Seminar in Polymers and Soft Matter (3.903/10.960) can be used to satisfy the 144-unit requirement. They are also expected to follow the post-qualifying exam processes described in section 9.3 of this guide, including having their major and minor program of studies approved by the MechE Graduate Officer. Upon completing their qualifying exams (either MechE or PPSM), PPSM students need to inform the MechE Graduate Office, which will proceed to create a History Card to be completed by the student and approved by the Graduate Officer following their meeting.
For more information on the PPSM program, please visit the PPSM website.